|
is a Japanese photographer best known for her 1957 book of text and photographs ''Kiken na Adabana'' (), and particularly for its portrayal of the red-light district of post-occupation Yokohama, with US servicemen.〔Tomoe Moriyama (), "Tokiwa Toyoko", ''Nihon Shashinka Jiten'' () / ''328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers'' (Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000; ISBN 4-473-01750-8), p.221. Despite the English-language alternative title, in English only.〕 ==Life and career== Toyoko Tokiwa () was born in Yokohama on 15 January 1930. (As a photographer, she would later spell "toyo" in ''hiragana'' rather than the original characters.) Her family ran a liquor wholesaler at Kanagawa-dōri 4-chōme in Yokohama, where she lived until it was burnt down in the American firebombing of 29 May 1945, an event in which her father sustained fatal burns.〔(Interview with Tokiwa ), ''Nakahō Nyūsu'' () no. 5435 (March 2004), Yokohama Naka Hōjinkai. Accessed 9 January 2011.〕〔Noriko Tsutatani (), "Tokiwa Toyoko", in Kōtarō Iizawa, ed., ''Nihon no Shashinka 101'' (; Tokyo: Shinshokan, 2008; ISBN 978-4-403-25095-8), pp. 92–93.〕 Her elder brother had used a Rolleicord camera and a darkroom, and this combined with a desire to work among men led Tokiwa to want to work as a photographer, even before she had used a camera herself.〔 She graduated from Tokyo Kasei-Gakuin (the predecessor of Tokyo Kasei-Gakuin Junior College) in 1951.〔 Tokiwa started work as an announcer but dreamt of being a photographer instead, joining the women-only Shirayuri Camera Club (, ''Shirayuri Kamera Kurabu'');〔"(Yokohama kaikō 150-shūnen kinen: Yokohama Foto Toraianguru: Kaikō kara mirai e )" (), ''Art Yokohama'' (Yokohama Civic Art Gallery), vol. 40, 1 October 2009, p.5. Accessed 9 January 2011.〕 she was influenced by the realism of Japanese photography at the time (led by Ken Domon).〔 Some of Tokiwa's earliest photographs are of Ōsanbashi, the pier in Yokohama at which American ships docked and that was thus the site of emotional partings and reunions of American military families. She was able to photograph close up without attracting any comment, and greatly enjoyed the work.〔 But she quickly moved to her main interest, working women. Despite an initial hatred of the American military, prompted in particular by her father's death, and revulsion at prostitution, she simply invited herself into the ''akasen'' (red-light area) of Yokohama, asked the girls whether she might photograph, and was accepted.〔 Tokiwa would later marry an amateur photographer, Taikō Okumura (, 1914-1995)〔''Nihon no shashinka: Kindai shashinshi o irodotta hito to denki, sakuhinshū mokuroku'' () / ''Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography'' (Tokyo: Nichigai Associates, 2005; ISBN 4-8169-1948-1), p.105. In Japanese only, despite the English title.〕〔Hatsuo Ueno (), "(Okumura Taikō shashinchō: Hama no shashin no monogatari )" (), General Affairs Bureau, Yokohama City, November 1990. Accessed 9 January 2011.〕 — whose photography of postwar Japan appears with hers in a 1996 book — and work as both housewife and photojournalist.〔 She is a member of the Japan Professional Photographers Society〔(Toyoko Tokiwa - Copyright holder profile ) (), Japan Photographic Copyright Association. Accessed 9 January 2011.〕 and chairs the Kanagawa Prefectural Photographers Association (, ''Kanagawa-ken shashin-sakka kyōkai'').〔〔(Page about the Association ), Kanagawa Pioneer Station, Kanagawa Prefectural Government. Accessed 9 January 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toyoko Tokiwa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|